Within 6 Months of On-to-Law, 25 Closures... Shrinking P2P Industry (Comprehensive)

119 P2P Companies Shrinking Industry
Delays in Official Launches Due to Various Incidents
Predictions of Small Business Exits and Market Sorting

[Asia Economy Reporter Song Seung-seop] The peer-to-peer (P2P) market is rapidly shrinking. This is attributed to the accumulation of a negative image due to various embezzlement and fraud incidents, which have increased operational difficulties, as well as the stringent registration requirements stipulated by the Online Investment-Linked Finance Act (OnTu Act), resulting in a series of business closures and suspensions.

Number of Companies and Credit Balances Decline, Cumulative Loan Amounts Fluctuate

As of the 5th, the number of P2P companies disclosed by P2P analysis firm Midrate stood at 119, showing a decrease of more than 25 companies since the OnTu Act came into effect in August. This is the first time the number of companies disclosed on the site has fallen below 120.

Credit balances are also on the decline. Currently, the total loan balance in the P2P industry is 1.9868 trillion KRW, down by more than 60 billion KRW from the previous month’s 2.0483 trillion KRW. Except for October and December, the loan balance has recorded negative growth rates every month since the implementation of the OnTu Act. In October alone, 271.8 billion KRW was withdrawn.

Cumulative loan amounts are also fluctuating. As of this date, the total cumulative loan amount is 11.9633 trillion KRW, an increase of about 200 billion KRW. Although this is a significant improvement compared to the 30 billion KRW increase last month, it is a sharp decrease compared to the over 750 billion KRW surge the month before. This indicates that the anticipated accelerated closures due to the OnTu Act are becoming a reality.

The OnTu Act requires companies to have a minimum capital of 500 million KRW, appoint a compliance officer, establish business plans and conflict-of-interest prevention measures, and secure IT personnel. At the time, financial authorities requested 237 companies to submit audit reports for registration, but 146 did not comply. There were widespread concerns that, except for large companies, many would either close down or convert to loan businesses.

It has also been pointed out that the accumulation of a negative image is a result of repeated illegal activities. An industry insider said, "P2P is still strongly perceived as a loan business, and there have been many incidents where CEOs were arrested for embezzlement or fraud," adding, "Even large companies have suffered significant damage to their credibility, and many people now believe investing in P2P companies results in losses."

Moreover, last month, issues regarding platform fees surfaced. Six companies received severe business suspension penalties for exceeding the legal maximum interest rate of 24% when combining platform fees and interest rates. Business suspension means that regardless of the suspension period, these companies cannot apply for OnTu Act registration for three years. Among these companies were large firms, and many are reportedly preparing to close without responding, further strengthening prejudice against the P2P industry.

Industry Restructuring Spurs Calls for Prompt Introduction of Regulated P2P

Some believe that the exit of small and medium-sized companies and the sorting of the industry around large firms are leading to a market cleanup. The industry's repayment rate, which was 70.41% in August, has steadily increased each month and currently stands at 73.83%. For companies maintaining membership in the P2P Finance Association, the rate has risen to 80.43%.

Professor Sung Tae-yoon of Yonsei University’s Department of Economics explained, "Cumulative loan amounts are showing an upward trend, and the repayment rate of P2P companies is also increasing," adding, "While it is necessary to analyze various data comparatively, this generally signals a gradual reduction in risky loans."

Companies that have applied for registration under the OnTu Act agree that the registration process needs to be completed promptly. The emergence of officially registered companies is essential to dispel negative images and allow the market to grow centered on sound companies.

Currently, five companies have applied for registration with the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS), which is reviewing qualifications on behalf of the Financial Services Commission. Although the registration decision should be announced within two months, the process may take longer than expected due to requests for document supplementation and major shareholder eligibility reviews, which are excluded from the time limit.

Another industry insider said, "There are about 100 P2P companies, but from the consumer’s perspective, it is difficult to know which companies are safe," adding, "For the sake of preventing financial consumer damage, companies incorporated into the regulatory framework need to emerge quickly." He also noted, "When we met with financial authorities last year, there was talk of registration happening by the end of the year or early this year, but it is true that it has been delayed."

This content was produced with the assistance of AI translation services.