A new study has revealed that coffee is more than just a beverage for staying awake—it can also impact gut health and mental well-being. In particular, the analysis suggests that decaffeinated coffee may help improve memory and learning abilities, while caffeinated coffee may enhance concentration.

In a recent paper published in the international journal Nature Communications, a research team from APC Microbiome Ireland at University College Cork analyzed how coffee affects the "gut-brain axis," the connection between the gut and the brain.

A study has shown that decaffeinated coffee may help improve memory and learning abilities, while caffeinated coffee may enhance concentration. Photo by Pixabay

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The researchers compared 31 individuals who typically drink about 3 to 5 cups of coffee per day with 31 individuals who do not drink coffee. Participants recorded their diets and caffeine intake, while the researchers analyzed stool and urine samples to assess changes in gut microbiota and mental health status.

Interestingly, at the beginning of the experiment, coffee enthusiasts were instructed to abstain from coffee for two weeks.

As a result, there were noticeable changes in the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota.

Afterward, participants resumed drinking either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee. Both groups experienced mood improvement, such as reductions in stress, depression, and impulsivity. The research team noted, "Decaffeinated coffee alone can also have a sufficiently positive effect."

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Changes in gut microbiota were also observed. Those who drank coffee had higher levels of bacteria such as Eggertella sp. and Cryptobacterium curtum. These microorganisms are involved in bile acid synthesis and acid production, which may help protect the body from harmful bacteria.

There was also an increase in bacteria from the Firmicutes family, which are known to be associated with mood stabilization. In a way, these tiny gut residents acted as a mood management team.

"Is decaf a memory booster, and caffeine an engine for concentration?"

The study also found differences in cognitive function depending on the type of coffee consumed.

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Decaffeinated coffee: Improved learning ability and memory

Caffeinated coffee: Enhanced concentration and attention, plus reduced anxiety

The research team believes that the benefits of decaffeinated coffee may be due to components such as polyphenols rather than caffeine itself. In contrast, the stimulating effect of caffeine on the brain is thought to be responsible for improved concentration.

The lead researcher, Professor John Cryan of University College Cork, explained, "Coffee is not just a caffeinated beverage, but a complex dietary factor that interacts with gut microbiota, metabolism, and emotional health."