Research has found that ultra-processed foods such as processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, and trans fats increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and colorectal cancer. In particular, processed meats showed the highest risk, as even daily consumption of small amounts is harmful to health.

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Previous studies have also pointed out that processed meats are associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and dementia. This study is notable because it quantitatively analyzed the dose-response relationship, specifically examining 'how much consumption increases the risk.' Processed meat refers to meat that has been smoked, salted, fermented, or chemically preserved to enhance flavor and extend shelf life. Typical examples include bacon, ham, hot dogs, sausages, salami, and jerky.

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However, the study was a meta-analysis based on observational research and did not directly prove causality. The researchers noted, "Due to the methods used to assess dietary intake, there may be measurement errors such as recall bias." Nevertheless, the researchers emphasized, "What is more dangerous than eating these foods occasionally is the habitual daily consumption of even small amounts," and added, "Minimizing the intake of ultra-processed foods is the most certain way to protect your health."