[Asia Economy Reporter Naju Seok] On the 31st, European stock markets opened with a slight upward trend.


Germany's DAX index rose 0.45% to 15,959.06, while the UK's FTSE index increased 0.17% to 7,159.98. France's CAC index showed a 0.04% rise to 6,689.87.



In the early session, the stock markets are exploring directionality, fluctuating up and down.


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